Biography of Tullus Hostilius

Tullus Hostilius was the 3rd of the  7 kings of Rome, following Romulus and  Numa Pompilius. He  ruled Rome from about 673-642 B.C. Tullus, like the other kings of Rome, lived during the legendary period whose records were destroyed in the fourth century B.C. Most of the stories we have about Tullus Hostilius come from Livius Patavinus  (Livy), a Roman historian  who lived in the first century B.C. Hostus Hostilius and the Sabines During the reign of Romulus, the Sabines and Romans were approaching each other in battle when a single Roman rushed ahead and engaged with a Sabine warrior who had similar ideas. The brash Roman was Hostus Hostilius, grandfather of Tullus Hostilius. Though he did not defeat the Sabine, Hostus Hostilius was held up as a model of bravery. The Romans retreated, although Romulus soon changed his mind and turned around and engaged again. Tullus on Expanding Rome Tullus defeated the Albans, razed their city of Alba Longa, and brutally punished their traitorous leader, Mettius Fufetius. He welcomed the Albans into Rome, thereby doubling the population of Rome. Tullus added Alban nobles to the Senate of Rome and built the Curia Hostilia for them, according to Livy. He also used the Alban nobles to increase his cavalry force. Military Campaigns   Tullus, who is described as more militaristic than Romulus, went to war against Alba, Fidenae, and the Veientines. He tried treating the Albans as allies, but when their leader acted treacherously, he conquered and absorbed them. After beating the people of Fidenae, he defeated their allies, the Veientines, in a bloody battle at the Anio River. He also defeated the Sabines at Silva Malitiosa by throwing them into confusion using his Albans-enhanced cavalry. Jupiter Strikes Down Tullus Tullus had not paid much attention to the religious rites. When a plague struck, the people of Rome believed it to be divine punishment. Tullus didnt worry about it until he, too, became ill and  unsuccessfully tried to follow the prescribed rites. It was believed that Jupiter in response to this lack of proper reverence, struck Tullus down with a bolt of lightning. Tullus had reigned for 32 years. Virgil on Tullus He shall found Rome anew—from mean estateIn lowly Cures led to mightier sway.But after him arises one whose reignShall wake the land from slumber: Tullus thenShall stir slack chiefs to battle, rallyingHis hosts which had forgot what triumphs be.Him boastful Ancus follows hard upon— Aeneid Book 6 Ch. 31 Tacitus on Tullus Romulus governed us as he pleased; then Numa united our people by religious ties and a constitution of divine origin, to which some additions were made by Tullus and Ancus. But Servius Tullius was our chief legislator to whose laws even kings were to be subject.— Tacitus Bk 3 Ch. 26

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder During The Holocaust Essay

PTSD in Holocaust Survivors The Nazis killed over six million Jews and millions of other Polish and Soviet civilians in the Holocaust. They also killed gypsies, physically and mentally disabled people and homosexuals. The number of survivors today are quickly dwindling down. Clinical psychologist Natan Kellermann defines a Holocaust survivor as any Jew who lived under Nazi occupation and was threatened by the â€Å"final solution† (Kellermann 199). This definition can be applied to not only Jews, but to anyone in general whose life was threatened by the Nazis. When these survivors were liberated, they believed the suffering was over, but for many, this wasn’t the case. The trauma of the horrors they faced is still evident in their life. By analyzing the effects of post traumatic stress disorder after the Holocaust, readers can see that the aftermath of the Holocaust is still prevalent in the survivor’s everyday life; This is important to show that while the trauma may not be overcome, the survivor can be more at peace with the events. When World War II ended, many of the prisoners felt as if their newly found freedom was surreal. The mental and physical torture the prisoners underwent led to the loss of happiness, even after they achieved freedom. Victor Frankl writes â€Å"there could be no earthly happiness which could compensate for all we had suffered...and yet we were not prepared for unhappiness† (Frankl 147). With everything they went through, it is understable why theseShow MoreRelatedMaus and the Psychological Effects of the Holocaust1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Holocaust The Maus books are award-winning comics written by Art Spiegelman. They are the non-fictional stories of Art and his father, Vladek. 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Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelingsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1519 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder It is common for individuals who have gone through a traumatic experience to feel many types of emotions, to include distress, fear, helplessness, guilt, shame or anger. The individual may begin to feel better after just a few days or weeks, but sometimes these feelings don’t go away. If the symptoms last for more than a month, they may be experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD and should seek professional help. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, once knownRead MoreNature Of Symptoms And Diagnosis1694 Words   |  7 Pagesspecifies what Teddy’s diagnosis was, Dissociative Identity Disorder is the primary disorder that he should be diagnosed with and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder should be secondary. Dissociative Identity Disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states. 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I believe that PTSD is a state of mind that an individual has or how the deal with a certain traumatic event that has taken place in their life. According to Santrock (2006), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, such as war; severely oppressive situations, such as the Holocaust; severe abuse, as in rape; natural disasters, such asRead More Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a very serious and debilitating condition that occurs after a person has been exposed to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical danger happened or was threatened. The kinds of traumatic events triggering PTSD in people include violent personal assaults (rape, mugging), natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes), man-made disasters (bombings), accidents or military combat. People who suffer from PTSD often reliveRead MoreHiroshima And The Inheritance Of Trauma1202 Words   |  5 Pagesyou were not the one who initially experienced the traumatic event, however, you still suffer great stress from it. Sarah Stillman in â€Å"Hiroshima and the Inheritance of Trauma† suggests that trauma may be a ‘contagious disease’ that can spread amongst both families as well as generations. She uses an example of a woman named Tomiko Shoji who was only nineteen when she survived the bombing of Hiroshima. Shoji suffered post t raumatic stress disorder as well has radiation poisoning, which consisted ofRead MoreCatastrophes and Stress2715 Words   |  11 PagesAilen Fernandez PSY 102 April 21, 2013 Jones, Jennifer Catastrophes and Stress American Leader Martin Luther King Jr. once said, â€Å"An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity† (Martin). Luther King believed that in order for us humans to have a meaningful live we must put aside our personal problems and care about the problems of humanity as a whole. The earthquake of Oakland, CaliforniaRead MoreTrauma And Recovery By Judith Herman977 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Some advocate the act of recounting the traumatic events, while others do not consider this to have therapeutic benefits. This divide was seen in World War 1 and the treatment of shell shock patients and is still seen today. In this paper, the presence of storytelling and lack thereof in traumatic shock treatment from WWI onward will be observed. Lewis Yealland was a Canadian doctor working in England during the first World War. He

Usability Testing for Nielsen & Molich Heuristic- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theUsability Testing for Nielsen Molich Heuristic. Answer: Introduction For the evaluation of the usability of the wireframe designs the Nielsen Molich heuristic approach is being adopted. The testing would help in deciding upon the efficiency of the interface design. Visibility of system status The visibility of the system is efficiently designed. The system provides the user with the efficient information on each and every screen and provides efficient information to the user about the content of the page and provide details about the different criteria of the page such as the cart information and order details. These are updated on their own and helps the users understand the status of the process they are involved in. Match between system and the real world The match in between the system and the real world is also efficiently done. The system display message such as Welcome message for the user and also commands that helps the user in navigating through the systems. User control and freedom The design lacks in this aspect as the design does not indicate any actions that would provide the user with the user control and freedom option. In addition to this there are no emergency exists in the design and neither is there a scope to include a redo and undo feature in the design. Consistency and standards The design generally follows the platform conventions. They maintain the actual flow of a general application. The design elements also are made according to the conventional design standards. The homepage in the design displays the introduction followed by the login features and login details. In addition to this, the registration page for the system comes after the login page and this maintains the conventional approach to designing. This helps in maintaining the conventions used for the designing of the interfaces. Error prevention The error preventing option is implemented in the system to some extent. The error message Hi, Please login to use the app. You can register by clicking on the user icon above. Provides the information to the user about the login functionality of the system. This displays that the user cannot use the features of the application unless they login the systems. However, there are no additional error prevention features displayed in the design. Hence this feature is partially included in the design. Recognition rather than recall The application does not involve any concept in which the user is required to remember any of their previous action on the system. However the design displays that the user is guided in each and every step by the application itself and hence, the recognition rather than recall feature is maintained by the application. Flexibility and efficiency of use The concept of the design does not include any scope for an experienced user or an intermediate user. The system is a general e-commerce site and hence, there are scope for the evaluation of the website in this criteria. However in and an e-commerce system the experiences buyers or the frequent buyers are provided with additional benefits however no such options are presented in the design. Additionally an experienced buyer would also be able to get an information or product more easily rather an inexperienced user. Hence, the design should not be evaluated in this criteria. Aesthetic and minimalist design The design is provide with an Aesthetic and minimalist design as the dialogues in the system does not contain any irrelevant content or content that is rarely needed. The irrelevant information make website of the system large and slows down the system. Hence, the system design is efficient in this aspect. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors The system Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors, there are no additional codes that the user has to go through in the error detection methods. The system also provides a constructive suggestion for the solution to the error and also displays the relevant discussions for the error. The example taken here for this context is of the error message Hi, Please login to use the app. You can register by clicking on the user icon above. Hence, the system is efficient in this regard. Help and documentation The design contains the testimonial and contact us sections. This would help the user in guiding through the website. However there are no documentation feature that would help the user in navigation through the system. Hence, this aspect of the design is partially met. However there is additional scope for improvement in this sector of the interface design. Bibliography Ali, A., Alrasheedi, M., Ouda, A., Capretz, L. F. (2015). A study of the interface usability issues of mobile learning applications for smart phones from the users perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.01875. Bader, F., Schn, E. M., Thomaschewski, J. (2017). Heuristics Considering UX and Quality Criteria for Heuristics. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 4(6), 48-53. Hermawati, S., Lawson, G. (2015). A User-Centric methodology to Establish usability heuristics for specific domains. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ergonomics Human Factors (p. 8085). Reynaga, G., Chiasson, S., van Oorschot, P. C. (2015, July). Heuristics for the evaluation of captchas on smartphones. In Proceedings of the 2015 British HCI Conference (pp. 126-135). ACM.

Nursing for Pre Early Save Program- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing for Pre Early Save Program. Answer: A large metropolitan hospital introduced EARLY SAVE program to reflect best practice in early recognition and response to clinical deterioration. Pre Early Save Program- Code Blue process for life threatening emergencies Early Save Program- Education for clinical staff, more formalized Medical Emergency Team (MET) process and the introduction of an observation and escalation chart To analyze the effectiveness of the EARLY SAVE program in improving early recognition and response to clinical deterioration, the data regarding the MET calls in the pre and post period needs to be analyzed. Firstly, 160 MET calls were made in the pre period and 360 in the post period. This means that the recognition and response process became wider after the EARLY SAVE program. The positive benefits of high rate of MET calls in the post program period are evident from the % of patients who remained in wards. Earlier 20% remained in the wards and after the EARLY SAVE program, the proportion of patients remaining in the ward increased to 50%. This is a remarkable improvement signifying that burden of ICU team and resuscitation team reduced. The positive benefits of the EARLY SAVE program is also understood from the difference in % of patients transferred to ICU and death in patients. In the pre period, the % of transfers to ICU was 35% and it reduced to 20% in the post program period. Secondly, number of deaths was 25% in the pre period and 10% in the post period. The MET calls in the both the pre and post period was mainly called for seizure, worsening respiratory infection, acute respiratory distress, suspected cardiac pain and alterations in vital signs indicating clinical deterioration. However, the impact of EARLY SAVE program was that % of people affected by different clinical deterioration reduced in the post period except worsening respiratory infection. The main reason for improvement in clinical outcome in majority of condition was that education was given to staffs regarding responding to clinical deterioration and use of observation and escalation chart enhanced the possibility of taking prompt response to d eteriorating condition of patients. The research by Massey et al. (2017) has also proved that education and environmental factors enables health staffs to recognize and respond to patient deterioration. Specific clinical education and skills training enables staffs to quickly recognize and respond to patient deterioration. The hospital can use the data in the pre and post EARLY SAVE program to report against NSQHS standard 9: Recognizing and responding to clinical deterioration in health care in the following ways: They can show the data regarding difference in results in the % of patients transferred to ICU and death in the pre and post program to prove the benefits of MET calls in early recognition and clinical response. They can defend no increase in HDU outcome post program by stating that with improvement in burden of ICU units, the need for escalation of care of moving to HDU was minimized. They can show the efficacy of formalized MET process by the increase in the number of patients remaining in the ward and not shifting to the ICU or HDU units. The advantage of a formalized MET process is that it has direct role in preventing cardiac arrest and this is evident in the case scenario as data revealed that only 60 Code Blue calls for cardiac or respiratory arrest were made in the post period compare to 140 in the pre period. The potential benefits of MET is appreciated by most hospitals and their staffs. Resuscitation is an emergency clinical procedure to support and maintain breathing in a patient experiencing respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest. The main purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to restore normal breathing and circulation in critically ill patient and maintain normal blood flow and oxygen to the heart, brain and other vital organs. As it is an invasive procedure, the norm is to escort family members out of the room due to fear of immediate and long term negative consequences for family members (Hill and Fuhrman 2008). However, this essay mainly supports the fact that family members should be allowed during the resuscitation of their loved ones in acute care setting. The essay presents appropriate discussion to prove the benefits of family presence in terms of psychological outcomes and avoiding conflicts and violence in acute health care setting. The main rational to keep family members away during several attempts of resuscitation is that family member becomes exposed to high risk of emotional and physical sufferings during the procedure (Zavotsky et al. 2014). However, a contrasting evidence to support the presence of family members explains that they understand that the medical team took all possible steps to bring patients back to life and the complains regarding negligence in the event of death of their family members is reduced. In another way, it can be said that family members often have unrealistic expectations or suspicion about the behind the door resuscitation efforts and all doubts regarding the efforts put by the medical team may be made clear if family members are present during resuscitation efforts (Jabre et al. 2013). One barrier to allowing this new practice in resuscitation is that hospital staffs may not accept this new practice due to increase in emotional stress during the procedure. However, a study do ne to assess the attitude of heath care professional working in Yale New Haven revealed that majority of staffs favored the option of family presence if any staff accompanies the family member to control their action during the procedure (Lederman and Wacht 2014). Hence, if this new procedure needs to be fully implemented in acute care setting, there is a need to work on drafting and implementing a protocol to follow while allowing family presence during resuscitation. Another advantage of family presence during the resuscitation procedure is that patients relative can provide emotional support to patient and help them accept the reality of death. In case of death of patient, family members get the chance to be bid final goodbye to their loved ones and this can reduce suffering caused in the bereavement process. Pathological conditions like mourning or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be minimized in family members by allowing them in the resuscitation. A randomized controlled trial with family members of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation revealed that giving family members the option of witnessing resuscitation efforts significantly reduced the incidence of PTSD compared to standard procedure without family presence. Family members present were also associated with positive psychological outcome (Jabre et al. 2013). Family presence during resuscitation is a debatable topic in health care. However, many recent evidence has pointed out to positive psychological outcomes for family members. While Jabre et al. (2013) pointed out to the impact of family presence in CPR in improving clinical indicator of PTSD, Tazarourte et al. (2014) explained that it reduced complicated grieving in family members after the death of their loved ones during the procedure. One research evidence in particularly is of great importance to develop the argument as it aimed to explore the experiences of those people who were present during a family members resuscitation. It helped to get direct insights about subjective factors that play a role in influencing psychiatric morbidity in family members. The study finding summarized about the theme of being actively involved in the resuscitation process, communication between the family member and the emergency team, perception of the reality of death, experience and reaction of witnessing the the resuscitation. As this argument is mainly focused on the reaction of relative to witnessing resuscitation, the study revealed feeling of relief and being satisfied with the action of the medical team. However, some family members were also affected by the aggressive technique and had a negative memory of viewing the CPR (De Stefano et al. 2016). Therefore, the main conclusion from the study is that positive effect in grieving has been found by offering patients family the choice of witnessing the resuscitation procedure. The above evidence mainly paid attention to the view of family members and health care professionals in allowing patients relative to be present during the resuscitation process. However, one point that is missing is the perception of patients regarding the family presence during the invasive resuscitation procedure. Twibell et al. (2015) mainly paid attention to exploring adult inpatients view of family presence during resuscitation and it mainly revealed that maximum participants favored family presence, however the preference varied across patients according to the nature of family relationship and patients response. This research gave new insight that patients should be involved in deciding whether they would prefer family members presence during the procedure or not. Based on different arguments with support from peer-reviewed research articles, the main conclusion from the essay is that family presence should be allowed during resuscitation considering the positive effect in psychological outcomes, expectations and ethical conflict. To fully implement this option for patients, the future implication for health practice is to establish a full protocol for implementing family presence option in CPR and involving patients in decision making related to family presence. Reference De Stefano, C., Normand, D., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Kentish-Barnes, N., Lapostolle, F., Baubet, T., Reuter, P.G., Javaud, N., Borron, S.W. and Vicaut, E., 2016. Family presence during resuscitation: a qualitative analysis from a national multicenter randomized clinical trial.PloS one,11(6), p.e0156100. Hill Jr, R. and Fuhrman, C., 2008. Presence of family members during resuscitation.Annals of emergency medicine,52(3), pp.309-310. Jabre, P., Belpomme, V., Azoulay, E., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Tazarourte, K., Bouilleau, G., Pinaud, V., Broche, C. and Normand, D., 2013. Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.New England Journal of Medicine,368(11), pp.1008-1018. Lederman, Z. and Wacht, O., 2014. Family presence during resuscitation: attitudes of Yale-New Haven hospital staff.The Yale journal of biology and medicine,87(1), p.63. Massey, D., Chaboyer, W. and Anderson, V., 2017. What factors influence ward nurses recognition of and response to patient deterioration? An integrative review of the literature.Nursing open,4(1), pp.6-23. Tazarourte, K., Jabre, P., Azoulay, E., Borron, S.W., Belpomme, V., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Combes, X., Galinski, M. and Pinaud, V., 2014. Offering the opportunity for family to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 1-year assessment.Intensive care medicine,40(7), pp.981-987. Twibell, R.S., Craig, S., Siela, D., Simmonds, S. and Thomas, C., 2015. Being there: inpatients perceptions of family presence during resuscitation and invasive cardiac procedures.American Journal of Critical Care,24(6), pp.e108-e115. Zavotsky, K.E., McCoy, J., Bell, G., Haussman, K., Joiner, J., Marcoux, K.K., Magarelli, K., Mahoney, K., Maldonado, L., Mastro, K.A. and Milloria, A., 2014. Resuscitation team perceptions of family presence during CPR.Advanced emergency nursing journal,36(4), pp.325-334.